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Understanding the present perfect tense

Complete with the present perfect simple or continuous. No contractions.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. Puts the emphasis on the result.

Affirmation :
auxiliary HAVE + past participle

I /you / we / they have learnt English.

"have", except for the 3rd person singular:
He/She has learnt English.

Question :
Have you learnt English?
"have", except for the 3rd person singular:
Has he/she learnt English?

Negation :
I have not learnt English.
=I haven't learnt English.

"have", except for the 3rd person singular:
She has not learnt English.
=She hasn't learnt English.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Action that started but perhaps did not finish in that period of time. Puts the emphasis on the process as well as the result. Long-lasting action.

Affirmation :
HAVE BEEN + verb -ING

I /you / we / they have been waiting for the train.

"have been", except for the 3rd person singular:
He/She has been waiting for the train.

Question :
Have you been waiting for the train?
"have been", except for the 3rd person singular:
Has he/she been waiting for the train?

Negation :
I have not been waiting for the train.
=I haven't been waiting for the train.

"have been", except for the 3rd person singular:
She has not been waiting for the train.
=She hasn't been waiting for the train.

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1. (you + to wait) =» Sorry, I am late. long?

2. (to buy) =» I a bicycle.

3. (to pass) =» I am glad that you your exam.

4. (to work) =» Phil all day.

5. (already + to see) =» I this film.

6. (to break out) =» Fire in my neighbour's kitchen.

7. (to know) =» I this website since its birth.

8. (to snow) =» It for a while.

9. (you/to work) =» How long here?

10. (not to finish) =» She her homework.

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