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Although / in spite of / despite - English lesson

Although / in spite of / despite

After although we use a subject + verb:

• Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.

• I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications.

Compare the meaning of although and because:

• We went out although it was raining.

• We didn't go out because it was raining.

After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing:

• In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.

• I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.

• She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work.

• In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.

Despite is the same as in spite of. Note that we say 'in spite of, but despite (without 'of'):

• She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work, (not 'despite of this')

You can say 'in spite of the fact (that)...' and 'despite the fact (that)...':

I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications

I didn’t get the job despite the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.

Compare in spite of and because of:

• We went out in spite of the rain, (or ...despite the rain.)

• We didn't go out because of the rain.

Compare although and in spite of / despite:

• Although the traffic was bad. I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad)

In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad)

I couldn’t sleep although I was very tired (not despite I was tired)

I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired (not despite I was tired)

Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of.

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1. a) althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.

2. a) althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.

3. b) althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.

4. a) I went home early althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know I was feeling unwell.

5. b) I went to work the next day althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know I was still feeling unwell.

6. a) She only accepted the job althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know the salary, which was very high.

7. b) She accepted the job althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know the salary, which was rather low.

8. a) I managed to get to sleep althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know there was a lot of noise.

9. b) I couldn't get to sleep althoughbecausebecause ofin spite of I don't know the noise.