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Passive Form : step 2

In the preceding lesson test, we have learnt how to build the Passive Form. We still have to study specific cases, which can be a little tricky. You can do it, I know!... I have promised that we would do it slowly... 

PASSIVE FORM:

It is built with the SUBJECT (enduring the action) + the AUXILIARY of the passive (BE) in different tenses and/or modes + the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb. 

 The student      was punishedi (by the teacher.) = The student was punished          (by   the teacher)

= subject                 V in the       ACTOR (he acted)  =      Subject    +  BE + past participle .            ACTOR

  enduring               passive                                                                                                         introduced by: BY

 the action. 

In the passive form, the active Predicate (complement) is becoming the passive SUBJECT?    The person who's doing the action endured by the subject is the ACTOR, introduced by BY. . The 'actor' is seldom mentioned in English (except if its omission makes the sentence difficult to understand.)

ex: Nobody obeyed the teacher. => The teacher wasn't obeyed.  

ex : He was a funny boy, made a lot of faces and people laughed at him. => He made a lot of faces and was laughed at. 

2) Many verbs followed by an infinitive proposition (tell, ask, advise, expect, forbid, hate, need, order, prefer, wait for) may be put in the passive form .

ex : She was forbidden to use her dictionary during the test.

BEWARE !  

In the  active form, to make, to see, to hear  are built with an infinitive without to ; in the passive, they are built with to:

ex :  They were made to clean the mess they had made! 

3) A  few verbs are really troubling the learners : to believe, to think, to say, to know, to understand –

a)  A personal structure:

 A personal subject + verb in the passive + to-infinitive.

ex : He is thought to be an expert - She was said to be an extraordinary singer.

b)  An impersonal structure:

it + verb in the passive + that ...

ex : It is believed that the burglars had accomplices in the bank.

Now, we've seen many of the difficulties of the passive form... One more lesson, and you'll know EVERYTHING ! 

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