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Vocabulary: moral values

Respecting some values, "accepting" them, makes a certain social harmony possible. Those values may be dependent on the different civilisations and cultures, but on the upbringing and education people have received, integrated and decided to implement (or not!).

Some "universally accepted moral values" are fundamental.  Let's quote: Peace - Freedom - Social Progress - Equal Rights - Human Dignity. In this lesson, we'll stick to individual values, but of course, we should not forget the collective, professional and global levels. For the individuals, the main secondary values are: accepting responsibility for personal actions and for the consequences of these actions, accepting a duty of care, affirming the individual's right to self-determination, the truth first, being honest, honouring agreements, integrity, a duty towards our elders and towards future generations etc.

                                  GOOD or EVIL?                                                        Right or Wrong? 

                   ... a clear conscience...                                          Rightness

* In English, there are two words to express "justice":  you may speak about what is FAIR or what is JUST. 

Not every native speaker makes a real difference between the two words consciously... 

https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/100576/whats-the-difference-between-just-and-fair

Let's remember that strict equality is "fair" whereas "just" takes what it is morally normal to give one person or another one according to more subjective criteria. 

Fair = both sides are equal; Just = the morally good side wins. 

IN ORDER TO ACT "WELL", we must understand what is at stake:                      

SOME IDIOMS ABOUT THE SUBJECT: 

- It's beyond all understanding/ all comprehension

- It suddenly dawned on him that= he suddenly understood... 

- I can't make head or tail of this!= I don't understand anything whatsoever!

- To shed light on something= help to explain it or make it easier to understand.

- He's not the brightest bulb in the box/ not the sharpest knife in the drawer/ not the sharpest tool in the shed= not very intelligent.

- ... until the penny drops= until he understands... 

- To jump to conclusions= to make decisions too fast

- A light bulb moment= a sudden moment of inspiration.

- (the) brains behind something= the person thought to have planned and organised everything.

- It's Chinese arithmetic= something very complicated or difficult to understand.

This should be enough for beginners (and even for intermediate learners...) to manage pretty well.    That's why you may find the following test quite easy, my aim here being to encourage hardworking learners to go a little further in lessons.

To all of You, I give THE FORCE!  

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1. 'Come on, Lucy, you’re old enough to make heads from tailknow right from wrongdoing the right thingI don't know, now, especially after hearing my point of view...'



2. 'Yes, I’ll tell the truth, it's the right thing to doI'm all at seaI know right from leftI don't know, even if I may be punished...'



3. 'He had mistakenwrongedwronglymade himself understoodI don't know imagined I had cheated during the test, I’m glad he knows that I hadn’t...'



4. 'Really, I'm all at seamake head from tailit's the right thing to doI don't know, can you explain all that to me, I can’t understand anything just now...'



5. 'Look at this, I can’t understand at all and can’t make head from tailit's the right thing to doI'm all at seaI don't know. I need a pause...'



6. ' You seem to be mistakenmade myself understoodfail to understandI don't know that he had lent you some money, not given it to you... You must pay it back to him.'



7. 'I am afraid you have a arithmeticpuzzleright thing to domistaken ideaI don't know of what this job consists in... Let me explain it to you...'



8. 'I hoped I had made myself understoodI'm all at seait's the right thing to domake head from tailI don't know, but I’ll repeat: it’s completely out of the question... I won’t work with you...'



9. What I’ve heard is quite I'm all at seamistaken identitypuzzlingI don't know... Who will be able to explain it to me?'



10. 'When I read this book I don't understand a word of what is written... What is explained in it is I'm all at seaChinese arithmeticthe right thing to doI don't know to me! '