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Vocabulary: social aids and insurances.

In test, we have seen that the financial resources of the citizens of a country could be extremely different. Out of concern for fairness and social inclusion, most states and countries have elaborated systems of Social Services (which are more or less generous) to make up for these inequalities and make sure every citizen may enjoy as decent a life as possible.

THE WELFARE STATE:

The Welfare State is a system that allows the government of a country to provide social services such as healthcare, unemployment benefit, etc. to people who need them, paid for by taxes.

The Welfare State		The social services
A social worker		Social administration
Social security (GB)/ State aid (US)		To be on social security
To refund		An allowance for something
To be entitled to stg		Housing benefit

social security (US)

An old age pension		A retirement pension
Index-linked		To be retired
Retirement		A pensioner/ An old age pensioner/ an OAP.
Senior citizens		A retirement home An old people's home

The system of different insurances is necessary to bring funds to the States and countries.

A car/ fire/ life insurance		to insure stg against theft
To take out an insurance against		civil liability
An insurance policy		a premium
A policy holder		an all-risks policy
A comprehensive insurance		an insurance agent

- You can get it on the NHS : (National Health Service). Paid by the NHS.

Taxes are, of course, an important part of the resources of the different countries and States.

Tax		A taxpayer
Income tax		Land tax
Wealth tax		To pay tax on stg
To be liable for tax		Tax evasion
To evade taxation		A tax form
A tax allowance/ rebate		A tax exemption
A tax haven		The tax collector

A very common system for Income Taxes:

"pay-as-you-earn" (GB)/ "pay-as-you-go" (US): "A pay-as-you-go system" is one in which you pay for a service before you use it (the share you should give is taken away from your monthly wages).

=> to do one's tax return= to fill in a complementary form

The Tax Authorities/ The Inland Revenue (GB)/ The Internal Revenue (US).

A tax on something		Inclusive/ exclusive tax
Duty free		The discount rate
The rates (GB)		= The council tax (1982)
Value added tax (GB)		= Consumption tax

Taxes are, of course, very different by their nature and amount in the different countries. The allowances and aids provided to the needy are too.

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1. Since the beginning of the system, it has become much easier to do your every year.

2. Tell your friend Marsha that if she can’t find help on her own, she shouldn’t hesitate to see a who will lead her to the right persons.

3. I knew that savings were good, but I had never thought that such allowances could exit too.

4. Martha’s mother has chosen to live in a not far from where her daughter is living.

5. A thief has broken into my property, but my says I must have the police report before calling the company.

6. With all the money he has earned this year, he will provide for his whole family and will even be too.

7. The very rich may be tempted to just because they think they'd give too much to the state if they didn't.

8. As I have overpaid some fees, I’ll have a transferred to my bank account in a few weeks.

9. This job comes with a partial , which is a real perk.

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