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Past Perfect or Present Perfect
Present Perfect is used
- to put emphasis on the result
She has written two letters.
- to express an action that started in the past and continuing in the present.
I have worked in the hospital for ten years.
- to talk about general experiences ( ever, never ).
I have never eaten it before.
Have you ever been abroad?
together with lately, recently, yet.
I have been to New York recently.
- to say about an action repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
I have visited them many times.
when the precise time of action is not important or unknown.
Someone has drunk my beer!
- to describe events that occured before you expected.
I have already graduated from University.
Past Perfect is used - to express an action taking place before a certain time in the past .
When we want to put emphasis on the fact, not the duration.
Before Martin arrived here, he had spoken to him.
- this tense is often used to report what people had said / thought / believed / told
He told me that he had already read the book.
- with Conditional Sentences ( Type III )
If I had seen them, I would have given them some money.
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